ismael sandoval-hollocost

An Overview of the Holocaust

1933-1939

Dictatorship under the Third Reich

In the first months of Hitler's chancellorship, the Nazis instituted a policy of "coordination"--the alignment of individuals and institutions with Nazi goals. Which were the four goals that came under Nazi control?

In the first months of Hitler's chancellorship, the Nazis instituted a policy of "coordination"--the alignment of individuals and institutions with Nazi goals. Culture, the economy, education, and law all came under Nazi control.

Early Stages of Persecution

The Nuremberg Laws did not identify a "Jew" as someone with particular religious beliefs. Instead, the first amendment to the Nuremberg Laws defined a “Jew” as?

Nazi leaders began to make good on their pledge to persecute German Jews soon after their assumption of power.

The First Concentration Camps

Define the term “Concentration Camp”

a guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc., especially any of the camps established by the Nazis prior to and during World War II for the confinement and persecution of prisoners.

1939-1945

World War II in Europe

What happened on September 1, 1939, that starts WWII? Explain.

Adolf Hitler signed a secret authorization in order to protect participating physicians, medical staff, and administrators from prosecution; this authorization was backdated to September 1, 1939, to suggest that the effort was related to wartime measures

Murder of the Disabled (Euthanasia Program)

The Euthanasia Program murdered children, young adults, and adults that were considered “physically” and “mentally” disabled. They were put in gas chambers and then burned to ashes. These were not “Jews” but Germans. The families were told that their family membered died from what?

That they died from some sickness.

Persecution and Murder of Jews

Others than the Jewish people, name three other populations that were targeted under Hitler’s Regime.

In the early years of the Nazi regime, the National Socialist government established concentration camps to detain real and imagined political and ideological opponents.

Ghettos

What were the three types of ghettos?

Open ghettos, Closed ghettos, Destruction ghettos

Mobile Killing Squads (Einsatzgruppen)

The “Einsatzgruppen” were mainly German soldiers and Secret Service German men that would go and kill Jews and anyone who was against Hitler. How did they kill these people? At first they only killed men, but as the war continued, did they kill women and children?

They were a squad of people  that would go around killing Jews and gays.

Expansion of the Concentration Camp System

The goods extracted or produced by prisoner labor in the concentration camps were sold to what two German Reich through SS-owned firms? 

Krakow and Trawniki

Killing Centers

What was the name of the first “Killing Center”? Where and when did it open?

The first killing center was Chelmno, which opened in the Warthegau (part of Poland annexed to Germany) in December 1941.

Additional Victims of Nazi Persecution

Among the earliest victims of Nazi discrimination in Germany were political opponents -- primarily Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders. What was the name of the concentration camp that these political enemies were placed?

Dachua

Jewish Resistance and Non-Jewish Resistance

Jewish prisoners rose against their guards at three killing centers. Name two of these center and include the month and year.

Treblinka in August 1943 and Sobibor in October 1943

Rescue

What is “Zegota” and when did it begin?

Polish underground organization that provided for the social welfare needs of Jews, began operations in September 1942

United States

After reading this section, why do you think that the United States refused to help the people that were being murdered?

They refused because they didn’t want any of our people or state to get attacked by the Nazi’s.

Death Marches

The evacuations of the concentration camps had three purposes, what were those reasons?

(1) SS authorities did not want prisoners to fall into enemy hands alive to tell their stories to Allied and Soviet liberators

(2) the SS thought they needed prisoners to maintain production of armaments wherever possible

(3) some SS leaders, including Himmler, believed irrationally that they could use Jewish concentration camp prisoners as hostages to bargain for a separate peace in the west that would guarantee the survival of the Nazi regime.

Liberation

The Germans tries to destroy the evidence by destroying the concentration camps. However, what evidence was found that proved the Germans had killed an unimaginable number of Jewish peoples?

They left the gas chamber standing.

Post- 1945

Postwar Trials

The International Military Tribunal (IMT) defined crimes against humanity as?

Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation...or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds.

Displaced Persons Camps and Emigration

 Define Zionism

a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel